C Plus Plus Glossary Variables And Basic Types (CloudMonk.io)
C++ Glossary Variables and Basic Types
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(CppPrmLp 2012)
Defined Terms
# and Symbols
* ampersand operator | & operator - Address-of operator. Yields the address of the object to which it is applied." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* asterisk operator | * operator - Dereference operator. Dereferencing a pointer returns the object to which the pointer points. Assigning to the result of a dereference assigns a new value to the underlying object." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* pound sign define | # define - Preprocessor directive that defines a preprocessor variable." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* pound sign endif | # endif - Preprocessor directive that ends an #ifdef or #ifndef region." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* pound sign ifdef | # ifdef - Preprocessor directive that determines whether a given variable is defined." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* pound sign ifndef | # ifndef - Preprocessor directive that determines whether a given variable is not defined." (CppPrmLp 2012)
A
* address - Number by which a byte in memory can be found." ([[CppPrmLp 2012)
* alias declaration - Defines a synonym for another type: using name = type declares name as a synonym for the type type." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* arithmetic types - Built-in types representing boolean values, characters, integers, and floating-point numbers." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* array - Data structure that holds a collection of unnamed objects that are accessed by an index. Section 3.5 covers arrays in detail." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* auto - Type specifier that deduces the type of a variable from its initializer." (CppPrmLp 2012)
B
* base type - type specifier, possibly qualified by const, that precedes the declarators in a declaration. The base type provides the common type on which the declarators in a declaration can build." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* bind - Associating a name with a given entity so that uses of the name are uses of the underlying entity. For example, a reference is a name that is bound to an object." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* byte - Smallest addressable unit of memory. On most machines a byte is 8 bits." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* class member - Part of a class." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* compound type - A type that is defined in terms of another type." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* const - Type qualifier used to define objects that may not be changed. const objects must be initialized, because there is no way to give them a value after they are defined." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* const pointer - Pointer that is const." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* const reference - Colloquial synonym for reference to const." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* constant expression - Expression that can be evaluated at compile time." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* constexpr - Variable that represents a constant expression. § 6.5.2 (p. 239) covers constexpr functions." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* conversion - Process whereby a value of one type is transformed into a value of another type. The language defines conversions among the built-in types." (CppPrmLp 2012)
D
* data member - Data elements that constitute an object. Every object of a given class has its own copies of the class’ data members. Data members may be initialized when declared inside the class." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* declaration - Asserts the existence of a variable, function, or type defined elsewhere. Names may not be used until they are defined or declared." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* declarator - The part of a declaration that includes the name being defined and an optional type modifier." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* decltype - Type specifier that deduces the type of a variable or an expression." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* default initialization - How objects are initialized when no explicit initializer is given. How class type objects are initialized is controlled by the class. Objects of built-in type defined at global scope are initialized to 0; those defined at local scope are uninitialized and have undefined values." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* definition - Allocates storage for a variable of a specified type and optionally initializes the variable. Names may not be used until they are defined or declared." (CppPrmLp 2012)
E
* escape sequence - Alternative mechanism for representing characters, particularly for those without printable representations. An escape sequence is a backslash followed by a character, three or fewer octal digits, or an x followed by a hexadecimal number." (CppPrmLp 2012)
G
* global scope - The scope that is outside all other scopes." (CppPrmLp 2012). Contrast with local scope -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
H
* header guard - Preprocessor variable used to prevent a header from being included more than once in a single file." (CppPrmLp 2012)
I
* identifier - Sequence of characters that make up a name. Identifiers are case-sensitive." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* in-class initializer - Initializer provided as part of the declaration of a class data member. In-class initializers must follow an = symbol or be enclosed inside curly braces." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* in scope - Name that is visible from the current scope." (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
* initialized - A variable given an initial value when it is defined. Variables usually should be initialized." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* inner scope - Scope that is nested inside another scope (nested scope)." (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
* integral types - See arithmetic type." (CppPrmLp 2012)
L
* list initialization - Form of initialization that uses curly braces to enclose one or more initializers." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* literal - A value such as a number, a character, or a string of characters. The literal value cannot be changed. Literal characters are enclosed in single quotes, literal strings are enclosed in double quotes." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* local scope - Colloquial synonym for block scope." (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
* low-level const - A const that is not top-level. Such consts are integral to the type and are never ignored." (CppPrmLp 2012)
M
* member - Part of a class." (CppPrmLp 2012)
N
* nonprintable character - A character with no visible representation, such as a control character, a backspace, newline, and so on." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* null pointer - Pointer whose value is 0. A null pointer is valid but does not point to any object." See also null pointer exception. (CppPrmLp 2012)
* nullptr - Literal constant that denotes the null pointer." See also null pointer exception. (CppPrmLp 2012)
O
* object - A region of memory that has a type. A variable is an object that has a name." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* outer scope - Scope that encloses another scope." (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
P
* pointer - An object that can hold the address of an object, the address one past the end of an object, or zero." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* pointer to const - Pointer that can hold the address of a const object. A pointer to const may not be used to change the value of the object to which it points." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* preprocessor - Program that runs as part of compilation of a C Plus Plus program | compilation of a C++ program." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* preprocessor variable - Variable managed by the preprocessor. The preprocessor replaces each preprocessor variable by its value before our program is compiled." (CppPrmLp 2012)
R
* reference - An alias for another object." See also alias. (CppPrmLp 2012)
* reference to const - A reference that may not change the value of the object to which it refers. A reference to const may be bound to a const object, a nonconst object, or the result of an expression." (CppPrmLp 2012)
S
* scope - The portion of a program in which names have meaning. C Plus Plus | C++ has several levels of scope:" (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
** global scope - names defined outside any other scope" (CppPrmLp 2012)
** class scope - names defined inside a class" (CppPrmLp 2012)
** namespace scope - names defined inside a namespace" (CppPrmLp 2012)
** block scope - names defined inside a block" (CppPrmLp 2012)
* Scopes nest - Once a name is declared, it is accessible until the end of the scope in which it was declared." (CppPrmLp 2012) -- For JavaScript, see the JavaScript book, YDNJSY Scope and Closures by Kyle Simpson
* separate compilation - Ability to split a program into multiple separate source files." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* signed - Integer type that holds negative values or positive values, including zero." Contrast with unsigned. (CppPrmLp 2012)
* string - Library type representing variable-length sequences of characters." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* struct - Keyword used to define a class." (CppPrmLp 2012)
T
* temporary - Unnamed object created by the compiler while evaluating an expression. A temporary exists until the end of the largest expression that encloses the expression for which it was created." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* top-level const - The const that specifies that an object may not be changed." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* type alias - A name that is a synonym for another type. Defined through either a typedef or an alias declaration." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* type checking - Term used to describe the process by which the compiler verifies that the way objects of a given type are used is consistent with the definition of that type." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* type specifier - The name of a type." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* typedef - Defines an alias for another type. When typedef appears in the base type of a type declaration, the names defined in the declaration are type names." (CppPrmLp 2012)
U
* undefined - Usage for which the language does not specify a meaning. Knowingly or unknowingly relying on undefined behavior is a great source of hard-to-track runtime errors, security problems, and portability problems." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* uninitialized - Variable defined without an initial value. In general, trying to access the value of an uninitialized variable results in undefined behavior." (CppPrmLp 2012)
* unsigned - Integer type that holds only values greater than or equal to zero." Contrast with signed (CppPrmLp 2012)
V
* variable A named object or reference. In C++, variables must be declared before they are used." ([[CppPrmLp 2012)
* void* Pointer type that can point to any nonconst type. Such pointers may not be dereferenced." ([[CppPrmLp 2012)
* void type Special-purpose type that has no operations and no value. It is not possible to define a variable of type void." ([[CppPrmLp 2012)
W
* word The natural unit of integer computation on a given machine. Usually a word is large enough to hold an address. On a 32-bit machine a word is typically 4 bytes." ([[CppPrmLp 2012)
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