Golang topics Page

Golang Topics

Return to Golang, Programming topics, Google topics

* Effective Go - Effective Golang - https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html
* Golang Wiki - Go Wiki - https://github.com/golang/go/wiki
* Go Programming Language Specification - Go Language Specification - Go Specification - Go Spec - - Golang Spec - https://golang.org/ref/spec
* Golang Packages - Go Packages - https://golang.org/pkg

"Go is an open source programming language that makes it easy to build simple, reliable, and efficient software." Fair Use Source: https://go.googlesource.com/go

"Go is a programming language built to resemble a simplified version of the C programming language. It Go compilation | compiles at the machine level. Go was created at Google in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson." Fair Use Source: https://github.com/topics/golang

Say Golang or Go?

A

* Golang Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
* Golang abstract type
* Golang Accept header
* Golang access log
* Golang addition function
* Golang Add method
* Golang address
* [[Golang addUp function
* Golang after, triggering timeout with
* Golang Alarm struct
* Golang Apache web server
* Golang APIs
* Golang append builtin function
* Golang architecture
* Golang Args method
* Golang arguments
** Golang arguments - accessing
** Golang arguments - defined
** Golang arguments - number of
** Golang arguments - passing
** Golang arguments - passing functions as
** Golang arguments - raw command-line
** Golang arguments - variable number of
* Golang arithmetic operators
* Golang arrays
** Golang arrays - data types held by
** Golang arrays - definition and overview of
** [[Golang arrays - elements, accessing, 81
** Golang arrays - initializing
** Golang arrays - resizing
** Golang arrays - using, criteria for
** Golang arrays - working with
* Golang ASCII encoding standard
* [[Golang assignment operator, 119, 126
* Golang associative array (term) - Golang associative array
* Golang automating workflow

B

* Golang bad data
* Golang BBC homepage
* Golang benchmarking
* Golang binaries
* Golang binary files, downloading
* Golang bits (defined)
* Golang blocking and flow control
* Golang blocking code
* Golang blocks
* Golang Booleans and Golang Boolean statements
** Golang Booleans - constructing
** Golang Booleans - converting to and from
** Golang Booleans - evaluating
** Golang Booleans - if statements and
** Golang Booleans - implementing
** Golang Booleans - logical comparisons used in
** Golang Booleans - time applications
* Golang brace brackets
* Golang breakpoint
* Golang breakpoint (defined)
* Golang buffer
* Golang buffered channels
* Golang buffered messages
* Golang bugs
* Golang builtin function
* Golang bytes buffer
* Golang byte slice
* Golang bytes package

C

* Golang and C (programming language)
* Golang and C++ (programming language)
* Golang Camel Case
* Golang case, default
* Golang case, selecting execution of
* Golang case for identifiers
* Golang case sensitivity
* Golang cat command
* Golang Changelog file
* Golang Channels
* Golang chat
* Golang checksum, generating
* Golang Chrome DevTools
* Golang Chrome web browser
* Golang and C-like languages
* Golang code
** Golang code - compiling
** Golang code - documenting
** Golang code - examples of
** Golang code - executing concurrently
** Golang code - formatting
** Golang code - releasing
** Golang code - running
** Golang code - sharing
** Golang code - style, improving
** Golang code - writing versus third-party packages
* Golang command, exit status of
* Golang command-line arguments
* Golang command-line flags
* Golang command-line programs
* Golang comments, writing - Golang comments
* Golang commission rate
* Golang communication
* Golang comparison operators
* Golang compile method
* Golang compiler
* Golang compiler error
* Golang compile-time errors
* Golang compiling to different targets
* Golang computer processor
* Golang concurrency
* Golang concurrent operations
* Golang configuration
* Golang constants
* Golang constructor function
* Golang content-type header
* Golang content types
* Golang continue command
* Golang Continuous Integration environments
* Golang Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
* Golang copy function
* Golang crash
* Golang cross-compiling
* Golang curl
* Golang current time
* Golang custom HTTP client

D

* Golang dash, single versus double
* Golang data
** Golang data - Golang bad
** Golang data - cleaning
** Golang data - extracting
** Golang data - finding
** Golang data - incoming, filtering
** Golang data - parsing
** Golang data - printing
** Golang data - reading
** Golang data - transforming
** Golang data - validation of
* Golang database drivers
* Golang databases
* Golang data elements, exporting
* Golang data record
* Golang data structures
* Golang data type
** Golang data type - accessing
** Golang data type - arrays holding more than one
** [[Golang data type - of Channels, 170
** Golang data type - defined
** Golang data type - mapping
** Golang data type - method set associated with
** Golang data type - names referencing
** Golang data type - in struct
* Golang debugging

adding lines during, 218-219

definition and overview of, 213

delve, using for, 221-224

fmt package, using for, 219, 222

GNU Debugger, using for, 224-225

of HTTP requests, 266-268

logging role in, 214, 216

test role in, 226

tool, selecting, 225

of web servers, 246

DecodeFile function, 301

default case, 61-62

default value, 91-93, 100

defer (defined), 53

defer statement, 66-69, 297

delve, 221-226

dependencies, 178-180, 183, 340

Developer Tools, 142-143

dictionary (term), 78, 80

directory, listing, 290, 295-296

disasters, handling, 129

disk, reading from, 140, 142, 154

distributed programming, 1

Docker, 334-336, 339-340

documentation, 195-198

dot notation

data accessing with, 84, 90, 101

sphere, working with, 104

values, assigning with, 85-87

dynamically typed languages, 13-14, 26

E

echo function, 222-223, 225

elapsed real time (term), 317

elements, forming collection of, 21

else if statement, 57-58, 60-61, 68

else statement, 55-57

encoding/json package, 285, 287

encoding standards, 122

English-language special characters, 116, 122-123

environment, 8, 329-331, 340

Errorf method, 133

error log, 213

errors

checking, 137

creating, 132-133

formatting, 133-134

handling, 15, 129-131, 137-138

logging, 214-215

returning from function, 134-135

type, understanding, 132

and usability, 135-136

writing, 242

errors package, 132-133

exit codes and meanings, 228

exiting, preventing process from, 163

F

fatal error, 215

file

as block, 35, 40

configuration, managing with, 299-300

copying, 296-298, 303

creating, 290, 292-294

deleting, 298-299

downloading, 336-338

existence, checking on, 303

importance of, 289-290

managing in directory, 227

name, 295-296

reading, 130-131, 140, 290-291

reformatting, 187

writing logs to, 216-217

writing to, 290, 294-295

file permissions, 213, 292-294, 295-296, 303

FindAllString function, 313

flag package, 232-235, 239

FlagSets, 237

floats, 20-21

flow control, 161-163

fmt package, 133, 219-222, 225-226

for loop, 167-169, 171

for statement, 62-66

4-bit integers, 18-19, 26

404s, 248-249

framework libraries, 257

FreeBSD, 4

French, Renee, 10

func keyword, 42

function

arguments and types, modifying for, 51

creating and calling, 43-44

definition and overview of, 41-42

errors, returning from, 134-135

method compared to, 101, 105, 113

passing as argument, 52

passing as value, 49-50

results, returning, 42-45

functional tests, 200

function arguments, 164

function signature, 41, 46-47

G

gdb, 224-225

GET requests, 255-258, 261-262, 266, 272

git command, 235

Github account, 8

Github API, 273, 285

GMT, 326

GNU Debugger, 224-225

GOARCH environment variable, 331

go build, 9-11, 229-230

go clean, 9

Go (Golang) description and overview, 1, 3-4

godoc, 192-197

GoDoc site, 197

go env command, 329-330, 340

gofmt

conventions, 197

golint compared to, 190-191

overview of, 186-187

plugins running on, 188

remembering to use, 196

go get command, 177-179, 183, 338-339

Go Gopher, 10-11

go install, 242

go keyword, 151-152

golint, 190-192, 196

“Goodbye Cruel World” value, 223, 225

Google, 3-4

Google Chrome Developer Tools, 260

GOPATH variable, 6-8

Go projects, directory structure for, 6-7

Goroutines

advantages of, 139, 153-154

Channels compared to, 171

communications between, 155-156

communication with, 159, 168

concurrent operations, handling with, 145, 161

defining, 152

execution, pausing, 327

flow control alternatives to, 163

HTTP requests, aid in making, 271

latency, managing with, 147-152

managing, 156-157

go run, 9-11

go set, 242

go test command, 201

got want pattern, 203-204

graphical user interfaces (GUI), 227

greeting, returning, 202-204

Greeting function, 204-206

Griesemer, Robert, 3

guessing game, 218-219

H

Half function, 135

HandleFunc method, 244, 247

Handler, 248-249

handler functions, 247-249

hash (term), 78, 80

header, setting, 249-250

“Hello World” file, 240-241

HelloWorld function, 244, 252

“Hello World” program, 8-9, 173

“Hello World” value, 223

“Hello World” web server, 243-249

help text, 234-239

html package, 315

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

complexity of, 271

definition and overview of, 259-261

JSON received over, 285-286

scraping, 311-312, 315

HTTP clients, 267, 271-272

HTTP header, 250

http package, 257

HTTP requests, 259-261, 264-268, 271

HTTP servers

creating, 243-245, 249-250, 253-254

data and requests sent to, 255-258

response to clients, 251

HTTPS server, 258

I

identifiers, uppercase versus lowercase letters starting, 183

idiomatic Go

defined, 185

error handling and, 130-131

golint aid in learning, 191

interface naming, 198

idiomatic variable, 33

if statement, 53-55, 69, 219

import statement, 174, 176

incorrect type, passing, 16-17

index, accessing array element with, 81

init statement, 63-64

inner blocks, 34

inputs and outputs, 228-229

installing Go, 4-8

integers, 15-16, 18-20, 45-46

integration tests, 200

interfaces, 109-113, 189, 198

international characters, 122-123, 127

interpreted string literals, 115, 116-117, 127

ioutil package, 290-298, 303

J

Java (programming language), 10, 138, 152, 192-193

javadoc, 192-193

JavaScript (programming language), 4, 13, 15, 286-287

JSON

advantages of, 286

APIs, 275

data posted as, 264

data types, 283-285

decoding, 281-282, 286

description and overview of, 273-274

encoding, 286

fields, mapping, 287

files, 299-300

HTTP, received over, 285-286

HTTP server sending, 249-250, 259

requesting data as, 267-268

string, 263

TOML compared to, 301, 303

using with Go, 275-281

K

key names, 278

L

languages, non-English, 126, 204-206

languages, programming, 9, 13, 89, 155-156

See also specific language, e.g.: Python (programming language)

latency, 147-152

lexical (defined), 33-34

lexical scoping, 33-34

LICENSE file, 182

Linux, 4-5, 7-8, 340

list command, 225

ListenAndServe method, 244, 258

ListenAndServeTLS method, 258

logging, 213-217, 226

logical operators, 59-60

log package, 215-216, 226

looking for a needle in a haystack, 305-306

looping, 62-63

lowercase, 124, 174, 183, 188, 278

M

macOS, 4, 5, 7-8

main package, 174

make builtin function, 80

Makefile, 196-197

malicious web server, 338

maps, 78-80

Marshal function, 275-276

MatchString function, 306

mathematical operations, 13, 21

math package, 189-190

memory, 25, 39, 155-156

memory address, 35-38

messages and messaging

advantages of, 156

to Channels, 157-160, 171

between Goroutines, 170

response to, 167

methods, 101-103, 105-109, 113-114

method sets, 103-105

monotonic clock (concept), 317

multiplayer games, 142

multiple defer statements, 67-69

multiple values, function returning, 44-45, 51

multiple variables, 220

MustCompile function, 316

MySQL database, 112-113

N

named return values, 46-48

names, key, 278

names beginning with uppercase letter, 100

naming conventions, 188-190

nesting structs, 89-91, 99

.NET, 178

net/http package, 243-244, 261-262, 264

network, 141, 154

network latency, 147-150, 152

network programming, 1, 51

Network Time Protocol (NTP), 318-319, 326-327

NewAlarm function, 92

NewDecoder function, 285

NewFlagSet, 236, 242

new keyword, 87-88

NewRequest method, 272

Nginx, 152, 213-214

Node.js, 3, 152, 178, 186

non-blocking code, 147

NotFound method, 249

numbers, determining if odd or even, 42

numeric notation, 292-293

numeric types, 18-19, 21, 25

O

object-oriented language, 112

omitempty struct tag, 287

OpenFile function, 297

Open function, 297

Open Source blogging engine, 214

Open Source Licenses, 182

Open Source projects, 186, 197

operating system, 227, 329

operators, 68

OR logical operator, 69

os package, 230, 234, 303

outer blocks, 34

P

package level block, 40

package managers, 178, 339

packages, 173-182

panic, using, 136-138

parallelism, 141-142

Pascal Case, 189

pausing process, 320, 327

permissions, 213, 292-296, 303

Pi constant, 174

Pike, Rob, 3, 4, 10, 122, 138, 142, 154

Plan 9 operating system, 3

platform, 331-332

pointer, 35-38, 96-100, 105-109

pointer reference, 106-109, 113

polymorphism (defined), 113-114

POSIX compliance, 239

postData variable, 263

POST requests, 255-258, 262-264, 272

post statement, 63-64

PowerOn method, 109-111

Printf function, 220

private values, 95

process, running indefinitely, 162-163

programming languages, 9, 13, 89, 155-156

See also specific language, e.g.: Python (programming language)

program speed, factors affecting, 140-141, 151-152

public values, 95

Python (programming language), 3-4, 13, 178

Q

Quickfix menu, 191

R

range clause, 64-66

raw command-line arguments, 229-230

raw string literals, 117-118, 235

Readfile function, 130-131, 291

README file, 182

real time (term), 317

receiver function, 160

recursive functions, 48-49, 51

reflect package, 22-23, 26

regex package, 306

regular expressions

case sensitivity in, 315

data, parsing with, 311-315

data, transforming with, 309-311

definition and overview of, 305-307

end of line, character signifying, 316

strings package compared to, 315

syntax, 307-308, 315

validation, using for, 308-309

Remove function, 298

request, setting on custom header, 271

requests, types of, 253-254, 256

requests and responses, examining, 245-247

response, status code of, 271

response speed, factors affecting, 269

responseTime function, 148

ResponseWriter, 258

return values, 134, 138

Reverse function, 176

Robot interface, 109-112

robots.txt file, 214

routing, 247, 257

Ruby (programming language), 4, 178

rune literals, 116-118

runtime errors, 213

S

sayHello function, 14-15

Schaaf, Herman, 127

scope (defined), 33

security issues, 183, 255, 337, 338, 340

select statement, 164-171

sequential tasks, 139-142

server security issues, 255-258

SGOPATH, 177, 183

short functions, 51

shorthand variables, 29-30

short variable, 32, 40

short variable assignment, 88-90

signed integers, 19-20

single result, function returning, 42-44

64-bit floats, 21

64-bit integer, 20

sleeping, 319-320, 327

slice

adding elements to, 74-76, 81

of bytes, 291

copying elements from, 77

defined, 73, 78

deleting elements from, 76, 80

length limit, 80

methods associated to, 114

numbers variables containing, 45

testing, use in, 206

using, criteria for, 80-81

working with, 73-74

slowFunc function, 144-146, 158

slowFunc method, 158-159

software, sharing, 339-340

sort comand, 227-228

source code, 39

space, trimming, 125-126

special characters, 116, 122-123, 127

Specification, 199

spheres, 103-104

Sqrt function, 189-190

square root, 190

Standard Error, 242

Standard Input (defined), 229

Standard Output (defined), 229

statically typed languages, 14, 26

strconv package, 23-24

string literals, 115-118, 127

strings

array elements, assignment to, 72

concatenating, 118-121, 126-127, 207-209

converting to and from, 21, 23, 120, 174

creating, 121, 127, 291

definition and overview of, 15, 21, 122-123, 126

format, representing time in, 322-323

lowercase, changing, 124, 174

number types distinguishing from, 25

parsing, 322-323

as programming building block, 115

searching for, 306-307

variable initializing with type of, 27-28

working with, 123-126

written to file, 294

strings package, 125, 174-175, 195, 315

stringutil package, 176, 179

strongly typed languages, 13-14, 26

struct

checking type of, 94-95

comparing, 93-95

copying, 96-99, 100

creating, 99, 206, 276, 286

data encoded to and from, 287

data type in, 100

decoding to JSON, 281-282

default value, creating for, 91-93

definition and overview of, 83-85

empty, encoding to JSON, 280-281

empty fields, omitting, 280-281, 287

encoding as JSON, 276-278

equivalence, testing for, 94

exporting, 100

initializing, 84-89

nesting, 89-91, 99

tags, 278-280, 287

time, 323-325

values, printing, 220-221

subcommands, 235-239

Sub method, 324

subslice, 80

substring, searching for, 124-125

switch statements, 60-62, 68, 164

systems programming, 1

T

tab, representation of
table of binary operators
table of bitwise operators
table of comparison operators
table of escape sequences
table of keywords
table of predeclared names
table of Printf verbs
table of UTF-8 encodings
table, Sizeof
table-driven testing
table tests
tag, struct field
tagless switch statement
tags, build
targets
TCP socket
tax code
techniques, in-place slice
tempconv example
tempconv example package
temperature conversion example
tempflag example
template, | in
template action, {{range}}
template API
template, dot . in
template.Funcs method
template.HTML type
template.Must function
template.New function
template.Parse method
temporary directory
temporary file
Terraform
test assertion
test, black-box
test, brittle
test, character
test coverage
test dependency, cyclic
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
test, echo
test failure message
test files, placement of
Test function
test, integration
test of word example
test package, external
test, string
test, white-box
_test.go file
testing
testing a command
testing package
testing, randomized
testing, table-driven
testing.B type
testing.T type
(*testing.T).Errorf method
(*testing.T).Fatal method
tests, running
tests, writing
tests, writing effective
text editor
text/scanner package
text string
text/tabwriter package
text/template package
third-party dependencies
third-party Go plugins
third-party packages
third-party tools
Thompson, Ken
Thompson, Ken, Preface
thread
thread-local storage
three-D surface figure
thumbnail example
thumbnail example package
thumbnail sequence diagram
ticker, using
time
time package
time.After function
time.AfterFunc function
time.Duration type
time.Minute constant
time.Now function
time.Parse function
time.Second constant
time.Since function
time.Sleep method
time.Tick function
time.Time type
time.Time.Format method
timeout
timers
time structs
time zone differences
32-bit floats
32-bit integer
title example
title function
titles, writing to terminal
token-based decoder API
token-based XML decoding
ToLower function
TOML files
tool, go
tool, go doc
tool, godoc, Preface
tool, gofmt
tool, goimports
tool, golint
topological sort algorithm
topoSort example
ToUpper method
trace example
trace, stack
tree, binary
treesort example
triangle
true boolean constant
tuple assignment
tuple assignment
types
checking
converting between
type <-chan T, receive-only channel
type chan<- T, send-only channel
number of
overview of
type switch, case in
type switch, default case in
type, abstract
type, aggregate
type, array
type assertion
type assertion, interface
type assertion, ok value from
type, bool
type, bufio.Scanner
type, byte
type, bytes.Buffer
type, Celsius
type, chan
type, channel
type, complex
type, composite, Preface
type composition, Preface
type, concrete
type declaration
type, displaying methods of a
type, empty interface
type, error built-in
type, Fahrenheit
type, function
type, http.HandlerFunc
type, http.Request
type, http.ResponseWriter
type, int
type, interface{}
type, interface
type, interface{}
type, interface dynamic
type, json.Decoder
type, json.Encoder
type keyword
type, map
type, method receiver
type mismatch
type, named
type, net.Conn
type, net.Listener
type, numeric
type, *os.File
type, os.FileInfo
type, os.LinkError
type, os.PathError
type, recursive
type, reference
type, reflect.StructTag
type, reflect.Type
type, reflect.Value
type, rune
type, slice
type, sort.IntSlice
type, strings.Reader
type, strings.Replacer
type, struct
type, struct{}
type switch statement
type, sync.Mutex
type, sync.Once
type, sync.RWMutex
type, sync.WaitGroup
type, syscall.Errno
type, template.HTML
type, testing.B
type, testing.T
type, time.Duration
type, time.Time
type, uint
type, uintptr
type, underlying
type, unidirectional channel
type, unnamed struct
type, unsafe.Pointer
type, url.URL
types, untyped constant
working with

U

UDP socket
Unicode encoding scheme
Unit Tests
uint type
uintptr type
unary operator -
unary operator +
unbuffered channel
undefined behavior
underlying array
underlying type
Unicode code point
Unicode escape
unicode package
unicode.IsDigit function
unicode.IsLetter function
unicode.IsLower function
unicode.IsSpace function
unicode.IsUpper function
Unicode replacement character
unicode/utf8 package
Unicode standard
unidirectional channel type
union, discriminated
universe block
Unix domain socket
UNIX operating system
The Unix Programming Environment (Thompson)
unmarshaling JSON
unnamed struct type
unnamed variable
unreachable statement
unsafe package
unsafe.AlignOf function
unsafe.Offsetof function
unsafe.Pointer conversion
unsigned integer (defined)
unsigned integer
unsafe.Pointer type
unsafe.Pointer zero value
unsafe.Sizeof function
uppercase
untyped constant types
unused parameter
URL
URL escape
url.QueryEscape function
url.URL type
urlvalues example
usability, errors and
User Story
UTF-8
UTF-8 encoding scheme
UTF-8 encodings, table of
utf8.DecodeRuneInString function
utf8.RuneCountInString function
utf8.UTFMax value

V

W

* Golang wait example
* Golang WaitForServer function
* Golang walkDir function
* Golang wall clock (term)
* Golang weather applications
* Golang web browsers
* Golang web crawler
* Golang web crawler, concurrent
* Golang web framework
* Golang web servers
** Golang web servers, developing and debugging
* Golang Western characters
* Golang while loop
* Golang white-box test
* Golang Wilkes, Maurice
* Golang Windows
* Golang Wirth, Niklaus, Preface
* Golang word example
* Golang word example, test of
* Golang WordPress site, login page of
* Golang workspace organization
* Golang Write, calling
* Golang writer lock
* Golang writing effective tests
* Golang WriteFile function

X

* Golang xkcd JSON interface
* Golang XML
* Golang XML decoding
* Golang XML (Extensible Markup Language)
* Golang (*xml.Decoder).Token method
* Golang xmlselect example

Z

External sites

* https://github.com/golang/go
* https://golang.org
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)

Wikipedia

Bibliography

Golang Bibliography - Go Bibliography - Golang books - Go books

Fair Use Sources

Fair Use Sources:
* https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go
* The Go Programming Language by Alan Donovan and Brian Kernighan