History Of Linux (CloudMonk.io)

History of Linux



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Linux:



Linux Core Utilities commands - GNU Core Utilities command-line interface programs



This list should really only include standard universal commands that come with GNU Core Utilities.



Linux File system commands

* chcon

* chmod

* chown

* chgrp

* cksum

* cp (Unix) | cp

* dd (Unix) | dd

* df (Unix) | df

* ls | dir

* dircolors (Unix) | dircolors

* install (Unix) | install

* ln (Unix) | ln

* ls

* mkdir

* mkfifo

* mknod

* mktemp

* mv (Unix) | mv

* realpath

* rm (Unix) | rm

* rmdir

* shred (Unix) | shred

* sync (Unix) | sync

* touch (command) | touch

* truncate

* ls | vdir



Linux Text utilities:

* b2sum

* base32

* base64

* cat (Unix) | cat

* cksum

* comm

* csplit

* cut (Unix) | cut

* expand (Unix) | expand

* fmt (Unix) | fmt

* fold (Unix) | fold

* head (Unix) | head

* join (Unix) | join

* md5sum

* nl (Unix) | nl

* numfmt

* od (Unix) | od

* paste (Unix) | paste

* ptx (Unix) | ptx

* pr (Unix) | pr

* sha1sum

* shuf

* sort (Unix) | sort

* split (Unix) | split

* sum (Unix) | sum

* tac

* tail (Unix) | tail

* tr (Unix) | tr

* tsort

* unexpand

* uniq

* wc (Unix) | wc



Linux Shell utilities:

* uname | arch

* basename

* chroot

* Unix time#Command line | date

* dirname

* du (Unix) | du

* echo (command) | echo

* env

* expr

* factor (Unix) | factor

* true and false (commands) | false

* groups (Unix) | groups

* hostid (Unix) | hostid

* id (Unix) | id

* link (Unix) | link

* logname

* nice (Unix) | nice

* nohup

* nproc

* pathchk (Unix) | pathchk

* pinky (Unix) | pinky

* printenv

* printf

* pwd

* readlink

* runcon

* seq (Unix) | seq

* sleep (command) | sleep

* stat

* stdbuf

* stty (Unix) | stty

* tee (command) | tee

* test (Unix) | test

* Timeout (computing) | timeout

* true and false (commands) | true

* tty (Unix) | tty

* uname

* unlink (Unix) | unlink

* Uptime#coreutils | uptime

* users (Unix) | users

* who (Unix) | who

* whoami

* yes (Unix) | yes





Unix Commands:



This should really only include standard universal commands that come with all Linux distributions adhering to the Single UNIX Specification.



Really this is "Unix programs", since there are no commands in Unix, they are programs except for shell builtins.



Unix command-line interface programs and shell builtins:



Unix File system commands:

* cat (Unix) | cat

* chattr

* chmod

* chown

* chgrp

* cksum

* cmp (Unix) | cmp

* cp (Unix) | cp

* dd (Unix) | dd

* du (Unix) | du

* df (Unix) | df

* file (command) | file

* fuser (Unix) | fuser

* ln (Unix) | ln

* ls

* mkdir

* mv (Unix) | mv

* pax (command) | pax

* pwd

* rm (Unix) | rm

* rmdir

* split (Unix) | split

* tee (command) | tee

* touch (command) | touch

* type (Unix) | type

* umask



Unix process commands:

* at (command) | at

* Job control (Unix)#Commands | bg

* cron | crontab

* Job control (Unix)#Commands | fg

* kill (command) | kill

* nice (Unix) | nice

* ps (Unix) | ps

* time (Unix) | time



Unix user environment commands:

env

* exit (command) | exit

* logname

* mesg

* talk (software) | talk

* tput

* uname

* who (Unix) | who

* write (Unix) | write



Unix text processing commands:

* AWK | awk

* basename

* comm

* csplit

* cut (Unix) | cut

* diff

* dirname

* ed (text editor) | ed

* ex (text editor) | ex

* fold (Unix) | fold

* head (Unix) | head

* iconv

* join (Unix) | join

* m4 (computer language) | m4

* more (command) | more

* nl (Unix) | nl

* paste (Unix) | paste

* patch (Unix) | patch

* printf (Unix) | printf

* read (Unix) | read

* sed

* sort (Unix) | sort

* strings (Unix) | strings

* tail (Unix) | tail

* tr (Unix) | tr

* troff

* uniq

* Vi (text editor) | vi

* wc (Unix) | wc

* xargs



Unix shell builtin commands:

alias (command) | alias

* cd (command) | cd

* echo (command) | echo

* test (Unix) | test

* Environment variable#unset command | unset

* wait (command) | wait



Unix networking commands:



Note: Networking is not part of SUS



Unix network utility commands:

* Dig (command) | dig

* host (Unix) | host

* ifconfig

* inetd

* netcat

* netstat

* nslookup

* Ping (networking utility) | ping

* rdate

* rlogin

* route (command) | route

* OpenSSH | ssh

* traceroute-->



Unix searching commands:

* Find (Unix) | find

* grep



Unix documentation commands:

* Man page | man



Unix software development commands:



Note: There are a huge number of Linux software development tools / Unix software development tools; this list should be restricted to ones that are standardized as part of Unix, i.e., those marked SD, CD], or FD (http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/help/codes.html) within the Unix/POSIX specifications



* ar (Unix) | ar

* ctags

* lex (software) | lex

* make (software) | make

* nm (Unix) | nm

* strip (Unix) | strip

* yacc



Unix miscellaneous commands:

* bc (programming language) | bc

* cal (command) | cal

* expr

* System V printing system | lp

* od (Unix) | od

* sleep (command) | sleep

* true and false (commands) | true and false



* wp>Category:Standard Unix programs - Standard Unix programs

* wp>Category:Unix SUS2008 utilities] - [[Unix SUS2008 utilities

* List of POSIX commands



See also



* Windows commands



References



* [http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/contents.html Issue 7 XCU: Shell & Utilities]

* [http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/utilities/contents.html Issue 6 XCU: Shell & Utilities]

* [http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcuix.html Issue 5 XCU: Commands & Utilities]













Linux Commands (ls, cd, pwd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch, cat, less, head, tail, grep, find, chmod, chown, chgrp, tar, gzip, gunzip, df, du, ps, top, kill, man, ssh, scp, rsync, vim, nano, sed, awk, ping, ifconfig, netstat, route, traceroute, dig), Linux Fundamentals, Linux Inventor: Linus Torvalds says “Linux sucks | Linux just sucks less.”, Linux Best Practices - Linux Anti-Patterns, Linux kernel, Linux commands-Linux Shells-Linux CLI-GNU-Linux GUI-X11, Linux DevOps-Linux development-Linux system programming-Bash-zsh-Linux API, Linux package managers, Linux configuration management (Ansible on Linux, Chef on Linux, Puppet on Linux, PowerShell on Linux), Linux Distros (RHEL-Rocky Linux-CentOS (CentOS Stream)-Oracle Linux-Fedora, Ubuntu-Debian-Linux Mint-Raspberry Pi OS-Kali Linux-Tails, openSUSE - SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), Arch Linux-Manjaro Linux, Alpine Linux-BusyBox - Slackware - Android-Chrome OS); UNIX-UNIX Distros (FreeBSD-OpenBSD, BSD, macOS), Linux networking, Linux storage, Linux secrets, Linux security (Linux IAM-LDAP-Linux Firewall-Linux Proxy), Linux docs, Linux GitHub, Linux Containers, Linux VM, Linux on AWS, Linux on Azure, Linux on GCP, Linux on Windows (WSL), Linux on IBM, Linux on Mainframe (Linux on IBM Z mainframe - Linux for System z - IBM LinuxONE), Embedded Linux, Linus IoT-Linux on Raspberry Pi, LinuxOps-Linux sysadmin, systemd-userland-kernel space-POSIX-SUS-Linux filesystem-Linux architecture, Linux books-UNIX books, Linux courses, Linux Foundation, Linux history, Linux philosophy, Linux adoption, Linux Glossary - Glossaire de Linux - French, Linux topics (navbar_linux and navbar_unix - see also navbar_fedora, navbar_rhel, navbar_centos, navbar_debian, navbar_ubuntu, navbar_linux_mint, navbar_freebsd, navbar_opensuse, navbar_manjaro, navbar_kali_linux, navbar_nixos, navbar_alpine_linux, navbar_tails_linux, navbar_slackware, navbar_rocky_linux, navbar_arch_linux, navbar_oracle_linux)

Computer History: Big Tech Silicon Valley Technocracy, Surveillance Valley - The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex - History of the Internet, Facebook (zuck.pdf), Tesla / Space X / Twitter (musk.pdf), History, IT History, Cloud History (Azure History, AWS History, GCP History), Amazon.com / Blue Origin (Bezos - bezos.pdf), Internet History, Email History, Bell Labs, Xerox PARC, OS History (UNIX History - Linux History - Minicomputer - Mainframe History - IBM History - Personal Computer History (Apple I - Apple II - Apple III, IBM PC, Compaq, Macintosh 128K, Apple Lisa), Vintage Apple Resources, Computer Stores, macOS History - Apple History - Apple, Inc. (Steve Jobs jobs.pdf), Windows History - Windows Server History - Microsoft History - Microsoft (Bill Gates gates.pdf, Programming History (C History - C plus plus History | C++ History - C sharp History | C# History - COBOL History - Golang History - Java History - JavaScript History - Python History - PowerShell History), Computing History, Computing Hardware History, Software Engineering History, Software History, Networking History, Vintage Computing - Vintage Computers - Retrocomputing, Legacy - Defunct Microprocessor Companies (MOS Technology - 6502, Motorola - Motorola 68000, Zilog - Zilog Z80), Legacy - Defunct Computer Companies, Legacy - Defunct Software Companies, History of Computer Hardware, History of Computing, History of Programming Languages, Legacy - Defunct Electronics Companies, PowerPC architecture family, List of PowerPC processors, CPU - Microprocessors, Discontinued Intel processors, 4-bit computing - 4-bit, 8-bit computing - 8-bit, 16-bit computing - 16-bit, 32-bit computing - 32-bit, History of Microsoft Exchange Server (Microsoft Mail - formerly Network Courier), Computer History Museum, Military-Digital Complex - Military-Industrial Complex (Read Surveillance Valley - The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex), Computer History Bibliography, Awesome Retrocomputing, WinWorldPC.com. (navbar_ithistory - see also navbar_bigtech, navbar_technocracy, navbar_programminghistory)



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