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Parallel computing

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Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously. Leveraging the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are then solved concurrently ("in parallel"), it significantly reduces computation time for tasks with large datasets or complex algorithms. This approach contrasts with traditional serial computing, where tasks are performed sequentially. Parallel computing utilizes multiple processing elements simultaneously, ranging from multicore processors within a single computer to a large number of computers in a cluster computing environment or even across distributed systems. It is essential for high-performance computing (HPC), enabling scientists and engineers to perform large-scale simulations, complex data analyses, and advanced scientific research that would be impractical, if not impossible, with serial computing. Key challenges in parallel computing include data decomposition, balancing computational loads, and managing data communication among processors to minimize performance bottlenecks.

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