Python Standard Library Glossary (CloudMonk.io)

Python Standard Library Glossary

Return to Python Development Glossary, Python, Java Standard Library Glossary

Provide a Java library glossary of the top 100 Java libraries and Java Frameworks that are not part of the Java Standard Library sorted by the most commonly used. For each Java library include a brief description and the URL for the official documentation, include the URL for the appropriate GitHub repo, include the URL for the Maven Central link. Answer using MediaWiki format.

* Provide a Python Standard Library glossary of the top 100 Python Standard Library Module sorted by the most commonly used. For each concept include a brief description and the URL for the Python official documentation, include the appropriate URL of the Python 3 Module of the Week pymotw.com, and the Python standard library source code repository or appropriate GitHub repo. Answer using MediaWiki format.

Creating a comprehensive glossary of the top 100 Python Standard Library modules, including descriptions, official documentation links, "Python 3 Module of the Week" (PyMOTW) references, and source code repositories, is extensive. Due to the vast scope and the nature of the Python Standard Library being an integral part of Python's development and not hosted separately like third-party packages, the source code is part of the Python's main repository itself. This list will highlight essential and widely used modules within the Python Standard Library, focusing on their primary usage and importance in Python development.

Please note, for the Python Standard Library, the official documentation and the Python's GitHub repository (where the Python source code is maintained) will be referenced. The PyMOTW site is an excellent resource for learning and examples but might not cover all modules in depth or the latest version.

```mediawiki
= Python Standard Library Glossary =

1. sys

Provides access to some variables used or maintained by the Python interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/sys/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/sys.py] (Note: sys is partly implemented in C)

2. os

Provides a way of using operating system dependent functionality.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/os/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/os.py]

3. datetime

Supplies classes for manipulating dates and times.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/datetime/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/datetime.py]

4. collections

Implements specialized container datatypes providing alternatives to Python’s general purpose built-in containers.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/collections/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/collections/]

5. json

Encodes and decodes the JSON format.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/json/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/json/]

6. logging

Defines functions and classes which implement a flexible event logging system.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/logging/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/logging/]

7. argparse

Parser for command-line options, arguments, and sub-commands.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/argparse/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/argparse.py]

8. re

Provides regular expression matching operations.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/re/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/re.py]

9. subprocess

Allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/subprocess/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/subprocess.py]

10. threading

Constructs higher-level threading interfaces on top of the lower-level _thread module.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/threading/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/threading.py]

11. multiprocessing

Offers both local and remote concurrency, effectively side-stepping the Global Interpreter Lock by using subprocesses instead of threads.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/multiprocessing/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/multiprocessing/]

12. socket

Provides

access to the BSD socket interface.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/socket/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/socket.py]

13. requests (Not in the Standard Library, but widely used)

Elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.
[Documentation: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/]
[PyMOTW: Not available for requests as it's not part of the Standard Library]
[Source: https://github.com/psf/requests]

14. http.server

A simple HTTP server to serve files or can be extended to handle more complex HTTP requests.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.server.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/http.server/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/http/server.py]

15. sqlite3

A DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/sqlite3/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/sqlite3/]

16. unittest

Provides a way to build and run tests.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/unittest/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/unittest/]

17. pathlib

Offers a set of classes to handle filesystem paths.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/pathlib/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/pathlib.py]

18. csv

Implements classes to read and write tabular data in CSV format.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/csv/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/csv.py]

19. random

Implements pseudo-random number generators for various distributions.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/random/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/random.py]

20. hashlib

Implements a common interface to many different secure hash and message digest algorithms.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/hashlib/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/hashlib.py]

21. datetime

22. json

Encodes and decodes the JSON format.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/json/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/json/]

23. asyncio

Provides infrastructure for writing single-threaded concurrent code using coroutines, multiplexing I/O access over sockets and other resources.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/asyncio/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/asyncio/]

24. itertools

Implements a number of iterator building blocks.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/itertools/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/itertools.py] (Note: itertools is partly implemented in C)

25. functools

Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/functools/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3

.9/Lib/functools.py]

26. operator

Exports a set of efficient functions corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/operator/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/operator.py]

27. contextlib

Utilities for working with context managers and the `with` statement.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/contextlib/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/contextlib.py]

28. decimal

Implements decimal arithmetic suitable for accounting applications and high-precision applications.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/decimal/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/decimal.py]

29. fractions

Implements arithmetic based on rational numbers.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/fractions.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/fractions/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/fractions.py]

30. glob

Provides a function for making file lists from directory wildcard searches.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/glob.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/glob/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/glob.py]

31. heapq

Provides an implementation of the heap queue algorithm, also known as the priority queue algorithm.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/heapq.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/heapq/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/heapq.py]

32. inspect

Provides several useful functions to help get information about live objects such as modules, classes, methods, functions, tracebacks, frame objects, and code objects.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/inspect/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/inspect.py]

33. io

The default interface to access files and streams.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/io/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/io.py]

34. math

Provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/math/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/math.py] (Note: math is partly implemented in C)

35. mmap

Memory-mapped file objects behave like both bytearray and like file objects.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/mmap.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/mmap/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/mmap.py]

36. os.path

Common pathname manipulations.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/os.path/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/os.path.py]

37. pickle

Implements binary protocols for serializing and de-serializing a Python object structure.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/pickle/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/pickle.py]

38. queue

Provides a multi-producer, multi-consumer queue.
[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/queue.html]
[PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/queue/]
[Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/queue.py]

39. select

Provides access to the select() and poll() functions available in most operating systems, allowing you to wait for events on one or more sockets or file descriptors